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How to Obtain a Turkish Title Deed (TAPU) in 2024

Everything you need to know about acquiring and understanding property ownership in Turkey.

What is a TAPU (Turkish Title Deed)?

The TAPU, or Turkish Title Deed, is the official document confirming property ownership in Turkey. It includes critical information about the property, its location, and the owner’s identity. Issued by the TAPU and Cadastre General Directorate, it is the most important document you’ll need to prove ownership of a property in Turkey.

Types of Turkish Title Deeds: Blue and Red TAPU

Turkey offers two primary types of title deeds, each serving different purposes:

1. Blue TAPU

This deed pertains to land ownership or shared ownership of a property.

  • Land Ownership: Applies to plots of land without any structures.
  • Shared Ownership: Grants a share of a development, not a specific unit. For example, owning 1/20th of a building instead of a designated apartment or villa.
  • Limitations: Owners of Blue TAPUs cannot take out mortgages or make independent decisions about the property without agreement from other co-owners.

2. Red TAPU

The Red TAPU signifies individual ownership, clearly specifying the unit (e.g., “Apartment 3”).

    • Subcategories:
      • Kat Irtifaki (Construction Servitude): Indicates a property under development.
      • Kat Mulkiyeti (Full Ownership): Issued after the property has received its habitation certificate (Iskan) upon meeting all building regulations.
    • Importance of Kat Mulkiyeti: Without this, utilities cannot be connected, and the property may face resale challenges.

Steps to Obtaining a Turkish Title Deed

Here’s a step-by-step guide to acquiring a TAPU:

Step 1: Schedule an Appointment

Visit the local TAPU Office and book an appointment. Bring your passport and a valid ID.

Step 2: Agree on the Transaction Value

Both parties (buyer and seller) declare the property’s transaction value. This will determine the stamp duty payable.

Step 3: Pay Stamp Duty

Stamp duty, also known as the title deed transfer fee, is 4% of the declared transaction value. Payment is typically made via bank transfer.

Step 4: Transfer Ownership
  • The seller signs the deed, confirming receipt of payment and willingly transferring the property.
  • The buyer signs the deed, acknowledging any existing charges or conditions.
Step 5: Title Deed Issuance

The TAPU is officially issued in the buyer’s name, making them the legal owner.

Costs Associated with Turkish Title Deeds

  1. Stamp Duty: 4% of the declared transaction value.
  2. Additional Costs:
    • Notary fees: Approx. €300–€500.
    • Translator fees (if needed): Approx. €100–€200.
    • Agency or legal representation fees (optional): Variable.

Negotiations Tip: While stamp duty is typically paid by the buyer, in some cases, costs may be shared depending on the terms of the sale agreement.

Key Checks Before Accepting a Title Deed

Before signing, it’s crucial to perform due diligence to ensure a smooth transaction:

  • Encumbrances: Check for any charges, mortgages, or liens on the property.
  • Legal Status: Verify that the property has a valid habitation certificate (Iskan) if it’s a completed unit.
  • Accuracy: Confirm that the property details (location, size, and ownership) match the sale agreement.

Title Deeds for Citizenship by Investment

Foreign nationals investing $400,000 or more in Turkish property can apply for Turkish Citizenship by Investment. However, the following conditions apply:

  • A charge is placed on the TAPU, restricting the sale of the property for three years.
  • Ensure the property has a clean title without prior mortgages or encumbrances.

Maintenance Fees and Costs for Istanbul Properties

For property buyers in Istanbul, it’s essential to understand the ongoing maintenance costs associated with ownership:

Apartment Complexes

Properties in managed complexes often come with monthly maintenance fees to cover shared facilities like elevators, security, and gyms.

  • Average Fees:
    • 2-bedroom apartments: €50–€100/month.
    • 3-bedroom apartments: €100–€200/month.
  • Luxury Complexes: Premium developments with amenities like pools and concierge services may charge €200–€500/month.

Standalone Villas

Private villas require additional maintenance, including garden care and pool upkeep:

  • Annual costs: €1,500–€2,500, depending on the size and location.

General Costs for All Properties

  • Utilities: Electricity, water, and gas bills typically range from €50 to €150/month depending on usage.
  • Property Tax: Annual property tax is 0.1%–0.3% of the assessed value.
  • Repairs and Maintenance: Budget around €500–€1,000/year for minor repairs and upkeep.

Why Work With a Professional?

Navigating the TAPU process in a foreign country can be complex. A professional real estate agent or legal advisor ensures:

  • All documents are accurate and complete.
  • The property is free from legal issues or encumbrances.
  • The transaction complies with Turkish law.

Conclusion: Your Gateway to Turkish Property Ownership

Obtaining a TAPU is a vital step in becoming a property owner in Turkey. Whether you’re buying a vacation home, an investment property, or a residence for Turkish citizenship, understanding the process ensures a smooth and secure transaction.

Ready to own a piece of Turkey? Contact us today to learn more about the TAPU process and start your property journey with confidence.